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Bhava Kutuhala · Chapter 1
संज्ञाध्यायः
This chapter covers the basic terms of astrology that the later chapters use. It opens with a prayer and says what the book is for.
It names the twelve houses and the lord of each sign. It lists the friends and neutral planets of each planet. It then gives the high point of each planet and how planets look at houses.
The English below is our translation from the Sanskrit.
संज्ञाध्यायः
महः सेतुं हेतुं सकलजगतामङ्कुरतयासदा शम्भोरम्भोभवभवभयत्राणजनकम् ।अहं वन्दे तस्यासुरसुरमनोमोदनिकरंचिदानन्दं पादामलकमललावण्यमधिकम् ॥ १ ॥
I bow to the light of Shambhu (Shiva). It is the bridge and the cause of all the worlds, as their first sprout. It always gives protection from the fear of worldly life, the world of the lotus-born [Brahma]. I bow to the great beauty of his pure lotus feet. It is pure awareness and joy. It brings much delight to the minds of gods and demons.
Simple meaning: The author bows to Shiva's feet. Shiva is the cause of the worlds and frees us from fear.
संज्ञाध्यायः
विचारसञ्चारचमत्कृतं यन्मतं मुनीनां प्रविलोक्यसारम् ।श्रीजीवनाथेन विदां हिताय प्रकाश्यते भावकुतूहलं तत् ॥ २ ॥
The sages' view shines with the play of careful thought. Shri Jivanatha looked at its essence. Now he brings out this book, Curiosity About the Houses, for the good of the learned.
Simple meaning: Jivanatha gives this book, the essence of the sages' view, for the good of learned people.
संज्ञाध्यायः
धात्रोदितं यवनकर्कश शब्दसंगादाधिव्यथाविदलितं परमं फलं यत् ।मत्कोमलामलरवामृतराशिधारास्नानं करोतु जगतामपि मोदहेतोः ॥ ३ ॥
Brahma spoke the highest teaching of results. It was hurt by pain and worry through touch with the harsh words of the old teacher Yavana. May it now bathe in the stream of my soft, pure, sweet words. May this bring joy to all the worlds.
Simple meaning: The author hopes his soft, sweet words will make the old teaching of results a joy for all.
संज्ञाध्यायः
तनुकोशसहोदरबन्धुसुतारिपुकामविनाशशुभाविबुधैः ।पितृभं तत आप्तिरपाय इमे क्रमतः कथिता मिहिरप्रमुखैः ॥ ४ ॥
The wise, led by the old teacher Mihira, named the twelve houses in order. 1st: body. 2nd: wealth. 3rd: brother. 4th: relatives. 5th: children. 6th: enemies. 7th: desire. 8th: ruin. 9th: good fortune. 10th: the father's house. 11th: gain. 12th: loss.
Simple meaning: The twelve houses have names in order: body, wealth, brother, relatives, children, enemies, desire, ruin, fortune, father, gain, loss.
संज्ञाध्यायः
कुजकवी बुधचन्द्रदिवाकरा बुधसितावनिजा गुरुसूर्यजौ ।शनिगुरू च पुरातनपण्डितैरजमुखादुदिता भवनाधिपाः ॥ ५ ॥
The old learned ones name the lords of the signs, starting from Aries. Aries: Mars. Taurus: Venus. Gemini: Mercury. Cancer: the Moon. Leo: the Sun. Virgo: Mercury. Libra: Venus. Scorpio: Mars. Sagittarius: Jupiter. Capricorn: Saturn. Aquarius: Saturn. Pisces: Jupiter.
Simple meaning: Aries to Pisces in order: Mars, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Sun, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Saturn, Jupiter.
संज्ञाध्यायः
अङ्गारकेन्दुगुरवो रविचन्द्रपुत्रावादित्यचन्द्रगुरवः कविचण्डभानू ।भौमार्करात्रिपतयो बुधसूर्यपुत्रौशुक्रेन्दुजौ दिनकरात्सुहृदो भवन्ति ॥ ६ ॥
These are the friends of each planet, starting from the Sun. Sun: Mars, Moon and Jupiter. Moon: Sun and Mercury. Mars: Sun, Moon and Jupiter. Mercury: Venus and Sun. Jupiter: Mars, Sun and Moon. Venus: Mercury and Saturn. Saturn: Venus and Mercury.
Simple meaning: Each planet's friends are listed, starting from the Sun.
संज्ञाध्यायः
सौम्यः समा हि सकलाः कविभानुपुत्रौमन्देज्यभूमितनया रविजः क्रमेण ।भौमेज्यकौ सुरगुरू रिपवोऽवशिष्टास्तात्कालिका व्ययधनायदशत्रिबन्धौ ॥ ७ ॥
In the same order, these are neutral. Sun: Mercury. Moon: all the rest. Mars: Venus and Saturn. Mercury: Saturn, Jupiter and Mars. Jupiter: Saturn. Venus: Mars and Jupiter. Saturn: Jupiter. All other planets are enemies. For the time of the chart, some planets are friends. They are those in the 12th, 2nd, 11th, 10th, 3rd and 4th from a planet.
Simple meaning: Neutral planets are listed; the rest are enemies. Planets 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 10th, 11th, 12th away are friends for now.
संज्ञाध्यायः
परमोच्चमजे दशभिर्वृषभे शिखिभिर्मकरे गजयुग्मलवैः ।तिथिभिर्युवतीभवने विधुभे किल पंचभिरेवझषे त्रिघनैः ॥ ८ ॥
The deepest high point of the Sun is in Aries, at 10 degrees. For the Moon it is in Taurus, at 3 degrees. For Mars it is in Capricorn, at 28 degrees. For Mercury it is in Virgo, at 15 degrees. For Jupiter it is in Cancer, at 5 degrees. For Venus it is in Pisces, at 27 degrees.
Simple meaning: Each planet is highest at one degree: Sun Aries 10, Moon Taurus 3, Mars Capricorn 28, and so on.
संज्ञाध्यायः
कृतिभिश्च तुलाभवने रवितः कथितं मदने खलु नीचमतः ।मिथुने तमसः शिखिनो धनुषि प्रथमे बुधभे गुरुभे भवनम् ॥ ९ ॥
For Saturn, the high point is in Libra, at 20 degrees. This list goes in order from the Sun. The 7th sign from each high point is its low point. Rahu's high sign is Gemini. Ketu's is Sagittarius. Their own house is a sign of Mercury and a sign of Jupiter. (Our text is unclear here: the word 'first' in the last line, and which signs of Mercury and Jupiter are meant.)
Simple meaning: Saturn is highest in Libra. The 7th sign from it is low. Rahu is high in Gemini, Ketu in Sagittarius.
संज्ञाध्यायः
होरा राशिदलं समे प्रथमतश्चन्द्रस्य भानोरतोव्यत्यासादसमे दृकाणपतयः स्वाक्षाङ्कभावाधिपाः ।मेषादादिमभे वृषे तु मकराद्युग्मे घटादिन्दुभेकर्कादेव नवांशकानि गतिदाः स्युर्द्वादशांशाः स्वभात् ॥ १० ॥
A hora (half of a sign) is half a sign. In an even sign, the Moon's half comes first, then the Sun's. In an odd sign it is the other way round. Next is the drekkana (one-third part of a sign). Its lords are the lords of the sign itself, its 5th and its 9th. The navamsha (one-ninth part of a sign) start like this. For Aries they start from Aries. For Taurus they start from Capricorn. For Gemini, our text says they start from Aquarius. For Cancer they start from Cancer. The dvadashamsha (one-twelfth part of a sign) run in order from the sign itself. (Our text is unclear here: 'ghata' (the pot) names Aquarius, but the usual rule starts Gemini from Libra.)
Simple meaning: A sign has halves, thirds, ninths and twelfths. Each part has its own start and its own lord.
संज्ञाध्यायः
पञ्चपञ्चाष्टशैलाक्षास्त्रिंशांशा विषमे क्रमात् ।भौमभानुजजीवज्ञशुक्राणामुत्क्रमात्समे ॥ ११ ॥
In an odd sign, the trimshamsha (one-thirtieth part of a sign) go in this order: 5, 5, 8, 7 and 5 degrees. Their lords are Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury and Venus. In an even sign the order is reversed.
Simple meaning: In odd signs the 30th parts are 5, 5, 8, 7, 5 degrees. In even signs the order is reversed.
संज्ञाध्यायः
चरणविवृद्ध्याखेटादशमसहोत्थे १०।३ त्रिकोणभे ५।९ जननेचतुरस्रेऽथ कलत्रे प्रयताः पश्यन्ति तत्फलं क्रमतः ॥ १२ ॥
In a birth chart, planets look at houses with a strength that grows by a quarter at each step. They look at the 10th and 3rd. Next they look at the 5th and 9th. Next at the 4th and 8th. Last, with full strength, at the 7th. One should judge the result in this order.
Simple meaning: A planet's look grows by quarters: 3rd and 10th, then 5th and 9th, then 4th and 8th, then 7th.
संज्ञाध्यायः
चरस्थिरद्विस्वभावाः क्रूराक्रूरावजादितः ।नरनारी क्रमादेव विषमाख्यसमावपि ॥ १३ ॥
Starting from Aries, the signs go in order as moving, fixed and dual. They are also harsh and gentle by turns. They are male and female by turns. They are also called odd and even.
Simple meaning: From Aries the signs go: moving, fixed, dual; harsh and gentle; male and female; odd and even.
संज्ञाध्यायः
मिथुनं धन्विपूर्वार्द्धंतुलाकन्याघटा नराः ।चतुष्पदा धनुः सिंहवृषमेषा मृगादिमः ॥ १४ ॥
Gemini, the first half of Sagittarius, Libra, Virgo and Aquarius are human signs. The four-footed signs are Sagittarius [its second half], Leo, Taurus, Aries and the first part of Capricorn.
Simple meaning: Gemini, Libra, Virgo, Aquarius and early Sagittarius are human signs. Leo, Taurus, Aries are four-footed.
संज्ञाध्यायः
मूलत्रिकोणमर्कादेः सिंहो वृषभ आदिमः ।कन्याधनुस्तुलाकुंभः प्रवदन्ति पुरातनाः ॥ १५ ॥
The old teachers name the mulatrikona (a planet's strong own-sign part). Sun: Leo. Moon: Taurus. Mars: Aries, the first sign. Mercury: Virgo. Jupiter: Sagittarius. Venus: Libra. Saturn: Aquarius.
Simple meaning: The strong own signs are: Sun Leo, Moon Taurus, Mars Aries, Mercury Virgo, Jupiter Sagittarius, Venus Libra, Saturn Aquarius.
Verse 1.4 names the twelve houses in order, from the 1st, the body, to the 12th, loss.
Verse 1.12 says a planet looks at the 10th and 3rd with a quarter of its strength, and at the 7th with full strength.
Verse 1.5 lists the lord of each sign from Aries to Pisces.