Hayanaratna · by Balabhadra
Chapter 1 · Planets, Signs, Year Entry
ग्रहराशिस्वरूपवर्षप्रवेशाद्यानयनाधिकारः
अन्यथाधिमाससंभवे कदाचिदेव चंद्रवर्षमध्ये द्विवारं जन्मार्कसमभानोः संभवेन वर्षद्वयोत्थवारादिवैलक्षण्यमपेक्षितमपि गतसमासाम्यान्न स्यात् एवमधिमाससहितवर्षांदग्रिमवर्षे कदाचिच्चांद्रवर्षमुल्लंघ्यापि जन्मार्कसमभानौ जातेसत्येकवर्षवारादिसमं वारादेरंतरं च स्यात् तस्मात्सौरवर्षादौ शकप्रवृत्तिर्ज्ञेयेति ।
Otherwise with lunar years, an adhimasa (extra lunar month) may come. Then the Sun equal to the birth Sun can sometimes come twice in one lunar year. The weekday and the rest of those two years should then differ. But they would not, since the years gone are the same. In the same way, take the year after a year with an adhimasa. There the Sun may equal the birth Sun only after the lunar year has passed. Then the weekday and the rest would be off by one year's weekday and the rest. So the Shaka should be taken to start at the start of the solar year.
Simple meaning: Why the solar year: with an extra lunar month, lunar counting can give the wrong years gone. So the Shaka starts with the solar year.
अत्र जन्मार्कतुलो रविर्यस्मिन्मासे भवति तस्मिन्नेव मासे वर्षप्रवेशो ज्ञेयः ॥
Month of the year entry: the month in which the Sun returns to its birth place.
उक्तंच ॥
Month of the year entry: the almanac month where the Sun equals the birth Sun.
तत्र जन्मार्कसमो रविर्यदि जन्ममासे नायाति परे पूर्वे वा मासे आयाति तदा जन्ममास एकरहित एकयुक्तो वा कर्तव्य इति ॥
Month shift: if the Sun matches in the month before or after, move the birth month back or forward by one.