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Hayanaratna · by Balabhadra
Chapter 1 · Planets, Signs, Year Entry
ग्रहराशिस्वरूपवर्षप्रवेशाद्यानयनाधिकारः
चरेण संयुतोनाश्च कर्तव्यास्तिथिनाडिकाः ॥मेषजूकादिषड्भके सायनेस्ते दिवादले ॥दिनार्द्धं त्रिंशतः शुद्धं शेषं रात्रिदलं भवेत् ॥
Add the chara to 15 ghatikas (24-minute units), or take it away. Add it when the sayana (tropical) Sun is in the six signs from Aries. Take it away when it is in the six signs from Libra. These are the half-days. Take the half-day from 30. The rest is the half-night.
Simple meaning: Half-day: 15 ghatikas plus the day-length difference (Aries to Virgo) or minus it (Libra to Pisces). Half-night: 30 less the half-day.
अथनतादीनामानयनमुक्तं सकलसिद्धांतमंडलीसरोविहरणराजहंसगणितविद्याचातुरीतांत्रिकपंचाननाहिगवीप्रवीणैः पद्धतिचिंतामणौ । तत्रादौ नतोन्नतानयनं ।
Time from midday: by day, the gap between now and midday; at night, the night gone or left plus half the day.
अथायनांशानयनं ॥
Zodiac shift: Shaka year less 421, less a tenth, divided by 60. Add a few seconds of arc for the Sun's sign.
अथ स्पष्टलग्नानयनं । तत्र स्पष्टलग्नानयनोपयुक्तं स्वोदयसाधनं ब्रह्मतुल्ये ॥
Local rising times: start from the fixed equator times 278, 299, 323 palas, then take away or add the day-length steps.