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Narada Purana (Jyotisha Selections) · by Vyasa
Chapter 2 · Signs, Planets, Birth
जातकम् १
कालात्मार्को मनश्चंद्रः कुजः सत्वं वचो बुधः ।जीवो ज्ञानं सुखं शुक्रः कामो दुःखं दिनेशजः ॥ १४ ॥
In the full Narada Purana (Purva Bhaga) this is chapter 55, verse 14.
The Sun is the soul of Time. The Moon is the mind. Mars is strength. Mercury is speech. Jupiter is knowledge and happiness. Venus is desire. Saturn is sorrow.
Simple meaning: Each planet stands for a part of life: Sun soul, Moon mind, Mars strength, Mercury speech, Jupiter knowledge, Venus desire, Saturn sorrow.
नृपौ रवीन्दू नेतासृक् कुमारो ज्ञः कवीज्यकौ ।
Sun and Moon are kings, Mars the army chief, Mercury the prince, Venus and Jupiter ministers, Saturn the servant.
रविशुक्रारराह्वर्केन्दुविदीज्या दिगीश्वराः ।
The eight planets guard eight directions. Waning Moon, Sun, Mars and Saturn are bad planets, and Mercury turns bad with them.
क्लीबौ बुधार्की शुक्रेन्दू स्त्रियौ शेषा नराः स्मृताः ।
Mercury and Saturn are neuter, Venus and Moon female, the others male. Each planet is also tied to an element.