NON-LUMINOUS UPAGRAHAS (SUB-PLANETS): Add 4 signs 13 degrees and 20 minutes of arc to the Sun's longitude at a given moment to get the exact position of the all-inauspicious Dhooma. Reduce Dhooma from 12 signs to arrive at Vyatipata. Vyatipata is also inauspicious. Add six signs to Vyatipata to know the position of Parivesha. He is extremely inauspicious. Deduct Parivesha from 12 signs to arrive at the position of Chapa (Indra Dhanus) who is also inauspicious. Add 16 degrees 40 minutes to Chapa which will give Ketu (Upaketu) who is a malefic. By adding a sign to Upaketu, you get the original longitude of the Sun. These are planets devoid of splendour which are malefics by nature and cause affliction.

स्थान-बल: उच्चस्थ ग्रह शुभ-फल पूर्ण (60 कला), मूल-त्रिकोण में पाद-रहित (45 कला), स्वक्षेत्र में आधा (30), मित्र-क्षेत्र में चौथाई (15), सम-क्षेत्र में 7.30 कला तथा शत्रु-क्षेत्री या अस्तंगत ग्रह 0 फल देता है। अशुभ-फल विपरीत क्रम से समझना चाहिए।