O Brahmin, now I tell you about Upa-Pada, the auspiciousness of which will confer on the native happiness from progeny, wife etc. The Pada of Lagna (i.e. Arūḍha-Lagna) explained earlier is (of course) of prime importance. Upa-Pada is calculated for the bhāva following the natal ascendant. This Upa-Pada is also called Gauṇa-Pada. O excellent of the Brahmins, if Upa-Pada is conjunct or aspected by a benefic planet, one will obtain full happiness from progeny and spouse. Should the Upa-Pada be in a malefic's sign or is aspected by or is conjunct a malefic, one will become an ascetic and go without a wife. If (in the said circumstances) there be a benefic aspect (on Upa-Pada or the related malefic), or conjunction, deprival of spouse will not come to pass. In this case, the Sun if exalted or in a friendly sign, is not a malefic. He is a malefic if in debilitation or in an enemy's sign.

लग्न के पद को प्रधान पद या पद कहते हैं। इसी तरह लग्न के अनुचर अर्थात्‌ द्वादश भाव के पद का नाम उप पद, उपारूढ या गौण पद है।